The 36 458 cases of coronary heart disease (CHD) and cerebral infarction (CI) in Beijing from 2008 to 2012 were collected. Based on the fundamental impact of solarterrestrial relationship on temperature change between neighboring days (TCN), a year was divided into two periods dominated by opposite TCN period in this study. The results show that high morbidity of CHD generally occurred in periods from awakening of insects to grain rain, as well as from white dew to winter solstice, which accompanied by large TCN period. In contrast, low morbidities of both CHD and CI took place in the period from grain in ear to summer solstice, which accompanied by small TCN period. Stronger effects of positive TCN period were revealed on young and middleaged (less than and equal to 65 years old) CHD patients than that on the old group (more than 65 years old) by timeseries models, whose relative risk (RR) was up to 1.31. The elderly suffering from CHD were sensitive to negative TCN period, regardless of background temperature trends. Furthermore, in negative TCN period, positive TCN could elevate the highest CI risk for young individuals (less than 45 years old) immediately (RR was equal to 1.23). In conclusion, the shortterm effects of TCN on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases were significant, and seasonal temperature trends modified TCNcardiovascular morbidity associations significantly.